João Paulo Candia Veiga.

A Universidade de São Paulo possui um convênio com a School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) da Universidade de Columbia desde 2008, para a realização de projetos de extensão. Em 2025, o trabalho entre a USP e a SIPA será executado com a empresa de água e saneamento Aegea. A empresa privada possui a concessão para operar serviços de água e saneamento em Manaus e Barcarena (Pará) e a pesquisa de campo acontecerá nesses municípios entre fevereiro e junho de 2025. Há cinco alunos de pós-graduação da SIPA/Columbia já cadastrados, e outros alunos da USP pré-selecionados, com demonstração de interesse formalizada. O trabalho será executado em parceria entre a FFLCH e professores do PHA da Escola Politécnica, especializados em Avaliação e Mensuração de Impacto Social e Ambiental.

Elea Data Centers was founded in 2019 with the acquisition of five data centers. Today, the company operates nine facilities across Brazil, giving it the largest coverage footprint in the sector nationwide. Elea began its journey focusing on edge data centers and has more recently embraced the growing demand for AI infrastructure.The company has established ambitious targets for PUE, WUE, and diversity, aiming to reach up to 42 of women in leadership positions. Sustainability and inclusion are embedded into Eleas strategy as key drivers of long-term value creation.Currently, Elea is developing one of the ten largest data center hubs in the world, with an initial capacity of 1.5 GW in its first phase and an expansion plan to reach 3.2 GW. The project is designed to be 100 sustainable, powered by clean energy, with near-zero water usage, and built with green construction practices.

Established in 2016, the Renova Foundation was created for the purpose of the mobilization of the reparation of damages to the communities negatively impacted by the collapse of the Fundão dam in Mariana in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The Renova Foundation is composed of over 70 entities that provide financial resources, technical expertise, and program implementation in service of remediation.

Founded in 2009, the Brazilian Association of Textile Retail (ABVTEX) brings together the largest national and international retail outlets operating in the Brazilian consumer market, ranging from large supermarket chains (e.g., the former Walmart now BIG, Carrefour) to specialty fashion retailers (e.g., C & A, Zara). Clothing, footwear, bags and accessories, and home furnishings are the principal goods sold in stores and online, and ABVTEX members? combined national market share is about 23 percent in a still fragmented market, which is among the world?s largest national fashion markets. The association is the sector?s principal interlocutor with government, other business entities including those representing garment manufacturers, and civil society.

From November 2018 until May 2019, a team of seven graduate students from the Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA), and another team of two graduate students from the USP was tasked to assist Natura Cosmetics in developing and testing a social impact assessment methodology at the local level in one Amazon rainforest community from which Natura procures natural resources.Natura is a Brazilian manufacturer and marketer of beauty, household, and personal care products. Since its founding in 1969, Natura has maintained a public commitment to environmental and social sustainability practices across its operational areas. Natura is committed to developing and selling products that are natural, traceable and sustainable in sourcing ingredients, promoting the preservation of biodiversity, the elimination of animal testing, and the measurement of production impacts (including carbon emissions and biodiversity), as well as support for education and equitable benefit sharing with supplier communities.Despite the companys extensive monitoring and impact evaluation efforts to understand its sustainability and impact, one key element of their supply chain that has not been properly assessed is the first-mile stage of their operations, specifically evaluating the companys social impact in the Amazon rainforest communities where Natura engages. Thus, the SIPA and USP team worked with Natura to jointly scope the development and testing of a first-mile impact assessment methodology that could subsequently be scaled to various supplier communities from which Natura sources natural products.

This report was done with special collaboration from the Instituto de Relações Internacionais of the Universidade de São Paulo (USP). We would like to thank Professor João Paulo Cândia Veiga for his inputs, and recognize the effort in the field of Ana Paula Malavazi and Pietro Carlos Rodrigues, students at USP. Their presence in Brazil was determinant for the success of this project. For opening its doors and availability in teaching us about the alpha-Bisabolol industry, we want thank Eduardo Roxo, Director of Operations at Atina Ativos Naturais (Atina). A note of appreciation and admiration to our Faculty Advisor, Scott Martin, for his guidance and advice. At SIPA, a special thank you to Eugenia McGill and Melissa Giblock for their support nd coordination efforts.

Agropalma is Brazils largest producer of palm oil, and has been widely recognized as a leader in addressing negative social and environmental impacts in the industry. This report summarizes the findings from a study conducted by a team of graduate students from Columbia University and the University of São Paulo conducted between January and April, 2012. The objective of the field and desk research was to construct a case study of Agroplamas sustainability practices and thereby identify key lessons, opportunities and constraints for sustainaible palm oil more generally. These lessons are relevant as palm oil production, primarily for biodiesel, is rapidy expanding in Brazil, and as demand for palm oil globallyalready the worlds most consumed edible oilis projected to double by 2020. The lessons from Agropalma are particularly important to consider as large-scale agricultural investment and land acquisitions increase worldwide; since 2000, 16 million hectares have been acquired for oil palm, which is the dominant crop in terms of land area. This is especially important in Africa, where nearly half of recent land deals have occurred, and where human rights violations, poor governance and environmental consequences are of particular concern.

In 2006 Instituto Observatório Social (IOS) and Centro de Estudos das Negociações Internacionais (CAENI) embarked on a research and field project to study the labor situation as well as the environmental impact of five aluminum companies in the north of Brazil.

In 2003, Unilever Brasil initiated two Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs,Rural Responsável and Infância Protegida, in Goiás following an internal audit revealingconcerns of the risk of child labor in the companys tomato supply chain. A team ofgraduate students from Columbia Universitys School of International and Public Affairs(SIPA) were invited to partner with the Instituto Observatório Social (IOS) and Caeni (Center of International Negotiations) to conduct an independent assessment of Unilever Brasils Rural Responsável and Infância Protegida programs. The assessment focuses on analyzing the processes and strategies underlying the CSR programs in order to make recommendations for potential improvements, rather than conducting a formal impact evaluation. The SIPA teamsresearch methodology consisted mainly of conducting field visits, key informantinterviews and focus groups with all of the stakeholders.

Este projeto tem como objetivo a produção de subsídios técnicos voltados ao fortalecimento da Autoridade Nacional de Proteção de Dados (ANPD), permitindo incorporar conhecimento e tecnologia à formulação, execução e monitoramento da política pública de proteção de dados pessoais no Brasil. A necessidade de identificação de um parceiro para execução das atividades previstas neste projeto encontrou no CIAAM (USP) as qualificações técnicas necessárias. Acordo se deu no desenho do Projeto BRA/21/004 - Efetividade da Política Nacional de Proteção de Dados Pessoais ampliada e foi devidamente aprovada pelo Comitê de Apreciação de Projetos do PNUD (Project Appraisal Committee PAC) na data de 26/05/2022, conforme regulamentos programáticos do PNUD. O documento que define a parceria se insere na estrutura lógica do Projeto BRA/21/004, conforme descrito a seguir: Produto 1: "Subsídios ao desenvolvimento de normas e de orientações sobre privacidade e proteção de dados pessoais concebidos". O referido Documento de Projeto discrimina os papéis e as responsabilidades do PNUD e da ANPD. Com base nos dispositivos dos Arranjos de Gerenciamento do projeto, caberá à ANPD a supervisão técnica dos Produtos, os quais, uma vez apresentados, serão analisados e aceitos pela direção/coordenação da ANPD.

O Nic.Br, braço de pesquisa do Conselho Gestor da Internet no Brasil, e o C4AI, promovem uma agenda de pesquisa qualitativa denominada ?Inteligência Artificial e Saúde no Brasil?.
A série Cadernos NIC.br de Estudos Setoriais foi lançada em 2016 pelo Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR (NIC.br) com o objetivo de abordar temas emergentes sobre a relação entre as Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) e a sociedade. 

As tecnologias emergentes e as possibilidades decorrentes da automação podem trazer grandes benefícios para o setor de saúde em suas diversas etapas: na prevenção, diagnóstico, prognóstico e atendimento e tratamento dos indivíduos, bem como na gestão dos sistemas e equipamentos de saúde, otimizando o trabalho dos profissionais, dos recursos e das operações e rotinas estabelecidas. A Inteligência Artificial (IA), por meio da utilização de dados
de saúde complexos e de múltiplas fontes ? como prontuários eletrônicos, estudos de imagem, dados genômicos e fisiológicos ?, tem amplo potencial para enfrentar crescentes desafios do setor de saúde como o aumento contínuo dos custos, falta de profissionais, mudanças epidemiológicas e demográficas em curso, o envelhecimento populacional, entre outros. Portanto, o uso de ferramentas de IA configura uma aposta promissora para o desenvolvimento e implementação de políticas públicas em larga escala, bem como para alavancar e acelerar a produção de conhecimento científico.

Para condução do estudo serão realizadas pelo menos 28 entrevistas em profundidade com atores chave sobre o tema. Considera-se aqui atores chaves aqueles que já atuem diretamente com ferramentas de Inteligência Artificial em Saúde e/ou que tenham entre suas atribuições o desenvolvimento dessa agenda. O estudo contemplará tanto pesquisadores, acadêmicos, especialistas e desenvolvedores de novas ferramentas de IA, como implementadores, formuladores de políticas e usuários diretos dessas ferramentas, tais como gestores de hospitais, laboratórios e outros equipamentos de saúde (públicos e privados); gestores públicos de secretarias e departamentos de governo (em diferentes esferas federativas) diretamente relacionados à temática e médicos e outros profissionais de saúde que já façam
uso de ferramentas de IA.

Several Latin American countries are currently working on the first AI Index that focuses on 12 countries of Latin America, including Brazil. The goal is to show the state of the art and practice in each country, and to identify regional best practices of promotion.The C4AI and the NIC.BR are the country focal points that contribute with an specific view of the next issues. Our objective is to validate data that we collect from open sources. We need to have data for each specific indicator.It is probable that some indicators are not public data, but eventually it could be obtained by requesting the indicated organizations or applying a survey. We need your support for these cases.Review of the conclusions associated with the country. At the end of the field work (April 2023) we will write the final report. Collaboration is requested in reviewing what is associated with the local context of each country.

The proposal for a Centre of Excellence on Business and Human Rights has been successfully approved in the last Jean Monnet Call. For the next three years from now 2023 FECAP will host the first Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence on BHR worldwide.

Meaningful Stakeholder Engagement is both a concept and a management approach that draws on a combination of theoretical and applied knowledge areas (e.g., impact assessment, business & human rights, and stakeholder theory). It has become a key element of risk-based due diligence and a process that responsible business enterprises frequently use to identify and manage harmful impacts on the environment and society. A growing number of national laws is pushing for stronger stakeholder engagement; and a proposal on mandatory due diligence, expected to be adopted by the European Union in 2022, is likely to have broad implications for the engagement of stakeholders in global value chains. Despite the obvious and growing relevance of meaningful stakeholder engagement, few publications have tried to synthesize the dearth of knowledge, academic literature, and practical experience within and around it. This calls for a comprehensive volume in an academic series providing interdisciplinary perspectives to a wide audience of scholars, business managers, policy-makers, regulators, civil society organizations and others who are looking for an advanced introduction to meaningful stakeholder engagement. 

 

The concept of ?meaningful stakeholder engagement? rests on a complex combination of elements from three main fields, and in terms of practical and theoretical application is set within a fourth. Engagement goes beyond the formal limits of consultations as processes required by law with regard to environmental, social or integrated impact assessments. The extent and form of consultations in the context of impact assessments are regulated in various forms and levels in diverse countries, with great variety (O'Faircheallaigh 2010; Glucker et al. 2013; Nenasheva et al. 2015; Seck 2016; Maher and Buhmann 2019; Andrews and Essah 2020). Engagement presupposes a dialogue that actively involves those affected by an activity. The stakeholder term originates in the business ethics literature, as a societally inclusive alternative to shareholders/stockholders. In the seminal sense proposed by Edward Freeman (1984), which has become leading in business ethics and much organizational literature, stakeholders include economic business relations as well as communities and others who are further removed from the organization. Although the stakeholder literature does not refer to rights-holders by that term, it does recognize that local communities as stakeholders have a claim to participate in decisions that substantially affect their welfare, and to have their human rights respected (Evan and Freeman 1993: 82). The emphasis on stakeholder engagement being meaningful derives from international soft law related to corporate responsibilities to respect human rights and responsible business conduct in a wider sense, not limited to human rights impacts (Buhmann 2021).

O International Standardization Organization (ISO) e o International Eletrotechnical Commission (IEC) desenvolveram, no âmbito de um grupo de pesquisa conjunto, padrões e standards para o uso e as aplicações de Inteligência Artificial no Brasil. São duas organizações internacionais que produzem padrões privados (voluntários) para uso da indústria, startups, fintechs, e para a inovação tecnológica.

The present proposal for an in-depth mapping of the market segments that use&#10;Artificial Intelligence in Brazil is unprecedented and necessary. The Artificial&#10;Intelligence Ecosystem in Brazil is being formed, and the private sector has been&#10;occupying prominent positions in one of the fastest-growing markets in South&#10;America. The main objective of the work is to develop market intelligence to be&#10;explored in possible partnerships between governments, companies, and research&#10;centers.&#10;The Brazil &#769;s Artificial Intelligence Market Study will be developed in partnership&#10;between the University of São Paulo Research and Innovation Center (Inova USP)1&#10;, the&#10;&#10;Brazilian Center of Analysis and Planning (Cebrap)&#10;2&#10;and the Brazilian Network&#10;&#10;Information Center (NIC.br)&#10;3&#10;.&#10;&#10;Cebrap is a global research center and a free-thinking forum for production of knowledge&#10;based in São Paulo, Brazil, which establishes partnerships with research institutions,&#10;development agencies and civil associations from different countries around the world,&#10;such as UK, USA, Germany, France, India, China, Mexico, South Africa, among others.&#10;Recognized as the 40th best public policy think tank in the world, according to the&#10;University of Pennsylvania ranking (2018), Cebrap carries out impact research both by&#10;subsidizing the formulation and design of new policies and by contributing to the&#10;monitoring and evaluation of public actions.&#10;Inova USP is a space that aims to aggregate and integrate laboratories and various&#10;initiatives in a multidisciplinary environment dedicated to the development of research&#10;and innovation. The center is linked to USP, but it hosts independent research&#10;laboratories, carrying out interdisciplinary collaborative activities in the multi-user space.&#10;The Brazilian Network Information Centre (NIC.br) was created to implement the&#10;decisions and projects designed by the Brazilian Internet Steering Committee (CGI.br)&#10;4&#10;.&#10;CGI.br represents the multistakeholder Internet governance structure in Brazil, which is&#10;responsible for the co-ordination and integration of all Internet service initiatives in the&#10;Brazil.NIC.br is in charge of registering and maintaining <.br> domain names,&#10;Autonomous System Numbers (ASN), IPv4/IPv6 addresses, handling security incidents,&#10;maintaining a high-quality Internet infrastructure through traffic exchange points (IXP)&#10;and contend delivery network (CDN), promoting open web standards, and for producing&#10;and publishing statistics and strategic information on the development of the Internet.

The multinational and trans-Atlantic projects funded under the T-AP Social Innovation call comprise research teams from Brazil, Canada, Germany, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Poland, and the United Kingdom. Each project comprises researchers from a minimum of three countries with at least one partner from the Americas and at least one partner from Europe. These joint research teams deal with conceptual issues of international collaborative social innovation and are involved in the development of adequate new social and historical research methods. They tackle social innovation processes in a variety of settings which include multinational companies and activist networks, pharmaceutical research and production against the background of patient needs, plastic production and recycling management, the museum sector, social housing, education of marginalized indigenous and immigrant children, everyday life of marginalized youth, indigenous cultural communities or social structures arising from racism.

Founded in 2009, the Brazilian Association of Textile Retail (ABVTEX) brings together the largest national and international retail outlets operating in the Brazilian consumer market, ranging from large supermarket chains (e.g., the former Walmart now BIG, Carrefour) to specialty fashion retailers (e.g., C & A, Zara). Clothing, footwear, bags and accessories, and home furnishings are the principal goods sold in stores and online, and ABVTEX members? combined national market share is about 23 percent in a still fragmented market, which is among the world?s largest national fashion markets. The association is the sector?s principal interlocutor with government, other business entities including those representing garment manufacturers, and civil society.&#10;&#10;ABVTEX has encouraged dialogue and cooperation within the fashion value chain and developed initiatives for compliance, responsible sourcing, and fair treatment of workers through the ABVTEX Program, which functions as a combination of an auditing-based code of conduct and supply chain modernization tool. Tackling informal employment and developing sustainable production chains are also key objectives of the Program. Consumer empowerment has positively transformed an industry which is marked by dispersion into several tiers with many small to micro producers, often informal, who face competitive pressures and uneven enforcement that have led to problems such as child labor and forced labor in recent times. &#10;&#10;The ABVTEX Program, which has been continuously adjusted and grown in scope in its nine years of operation, has made important inroads in combating such abuses and in raising the quality, productivity, and efficiency of an increasingly certified supply chain. Yet continuing challenges remain in such areas as improving the transparency and efficiency of relationships along the value chain; expanding the scope of supplier and subcontractor adherence to the Program; improving the quality and effectiveness of auditing protocols; and strengthening the competitiveness of the industry and ensuring its convergence with international best practices.&#10;&#10;ABVTEX would like the assistance of a SIPA and USP workshop team to improve the quality, efficiency, and effectiveness of its social/labor auditing protocols and processes with the aim of converging on international best practices. Recommendations would be based on a careful benchmarking of the ABVTEX Program?s current auditing mechanism and performance against international best practices in monitoring and auditing schemes, particularly in the global garment value chain. The SIPA team?s review and recommendations would be important inputs in ABVTEX?s strategic planning process for 2020-2025.

A UEBT é uma organização privada transnacional que promove os padrões socioambientais para a comercialização de recursos naturais da biodiversidade mundial. O objetivo da pesquisa é promover a avaliação do compliance de empresas aderentes aos padrões UEBT em suas cadeias de fornecimento de ativos naturais da biodiversidade brasileira.

In an increasingly globalized economy with greater impetus of technological advancement and competitiveness, a major development we have seen in the past decades is the fragmentation of production processes. Production processes have become geographically fragmented and production is divided into innumerable fragments and dispersed globally. Global supply chains have become a norm in a number of industries, in particular in textiles, automobiles, electronics, etc. and have also penetrated into some of the services sectors (medical, insurance, etc.). The new technological advancements are also said to have a significant impact on employment in the global supply chains as a number of tasks could be automated. The focus of this research would be on the smart mobile segment, one of the industries which is less researched and has observed a lot technological changes.&#10;&#10;The project will focus on the smart phone segment in four companies: Samsung, Huawei, Apple (iPhone) and Fairphone. We plan to look at these companies as they cater to the high-end, middle-end and lower-end of the market and have made inroads into Asian, African and Latin American markets catering to middle-income and lower-income households.This will allow us to have a range of consumer market segments, with Huawei covering the low end, Samsung in the middle and high end, and Apple/iPhone in the high-end.

No âmbito do Projeto ReDes, plataforma de projetos promovida pelo Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES), Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento(BID) e Instituto Votorantim, o objetivo é desenvolver e aplicar ferramente de gestão denominada de Régua de Maturidade para avaliar se os projetos apoiados pela plataforma podem, de fato, ser implementados.

O objetivo desta proposta é analisar, de forma comparada, os marcos regulatórios públicos para a biodiversidade em diferentes países megadiversos e o processo de delegação ocorrido na implementação da regulação pública com o intuito de analisar como, e em que medida, os atores não estatais influenciam na regulação da biodiversidade. Este estudo justifica-se pela necessidade de analisar objetos que tradicionalmente foram considerados pela ótica estatal a partir de ferramentas analíticas que buscam destacar as ?novas formas de governança? introduzidas pelos atores privados, ou seja, busca-se preencher uma lacuna nos estudos de Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais no que se refere ao protagonismo de atores não estatais na agenda ambiental. A hipótese é de que ONGs e empresas atuam diretamente na implementação dos marcos regulatórios dos países megadiversos. Para testar esta hipótese, utilizar-se-á ferramentas de análise textual e estatística.

Avaliação e mensuração de impacto do desempenho escolar de alunos do ensino médio e fundamental através de semi experimentos de campo, realizados em 7 comunidades rurais em três Estados brasileiros: Amazonas, Amapá e Maranhão. Foram entrevistados alunos, professores, diretores de escolas, e representantes de secretarias de educação de municípios onde localizavam-se as comunidades rurais. A comunidades rurais foram divididas em tramamento (recebiam as bibliotecas comunitárias) e controle (sem as bibliotecas comunitárias). O objetivo é conhecer a influência das bibliotecas comunitárias sobre o desempenho dos alunos, em relação às comunidades que não foram contempladas com as bibliotecas comunitárias.

Living wage is high on the agenda for many ISEAL members as a critical area for promoting sustainable livelihoods and worker rights. But the concept is very complex, can be defined in multiple ways and is influenced by different factors. Five ISEAL members (plus Social Accountability International) are working in an ISEAL-facilitated group to come to a common definition of living wage, agreed processes for devising and testing living wage methodology, and an agreed longer term vision (including a project design or plan) of collaboration on living wage calculation and wage work over the next few years to benefit workers in this key area. This work will include the development of a living wage methodology manual and tools to capture the Anker living wage methodology, the training of researchers to implement the methodology, and the calculation of living wage benchmarks for the countries in which the standard systems work. In Brazil, the Anker methodology will be apply in coffee sector in the south region of Minas Gerais State.

O objetivo é compreender as motivações para a adesão voluntária (compliance) à norma do trabalho, especificamente por parte de empresas privadas do setor de confecção e vestuário na região metropolitana de São Paulo. Trata-se de uma região com grande incidência de (non)compliance aos padrões trabalhistas que definem a condição de trabalho análogo à escravidão - consagrados por Convenções e Regulamentações internacionais da OIT e pelo marco regulatório doméstico brasileiro. Procura-se-á desenhar a rede de atores não estatais que juntamente com as autoridades públicas, promovem a chamada ?governança público-privada? para a melhoria da efetividade e da legitimidade dos direitos trabalhistas na cadeia da costura.

O objetivo do projeto é discutir o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável à luz do impacto da atividade de extração da argila branca em um município importante para a atividade mineral na Amazônia: São Miguel do Guamá. O município é conhecido pela atividade extrativa mineral de argila vermelha e argila branca para a produção de telhas e tijolos. Essa indústria é a maior empregadora privada da região, e o município exporta tijolos e telhas para todo o Estado do Pará. O projeto desenvolve uma criteriosa metodologia de impacto social e ambiental da atividade extrativa mineral e traz uma série de inovações em termos de índices e indicadores: através da renda familiar, o projeto desenvolve um indicador de renda per capita rural; e através do cálculo da renda familiar total, o projeto prevê a avaliação de impacto através das externalidades ambientais da atividade de extração de argila. Por fim, o projeto tem como objetivo discutir aspectos de gênero ligados à divisão sexual do trabalho, uma vez que a maior parte da mão de obra empregada é composta de mulheres.

To present a study on gender and precarious work among migrant Bolivian apparel workers. Our proposal fits as a case study describing and analyzing the impact of employers? shifting work from direct, permanent, full-time employment to subcontracted, privatized, temporary, part-time work or similar work schemes on a community. The research will analyze the gender-disaggregated socioeconomic impact on workers, their families and the community.

An 100% Brazilian-owned firm began to operate in the Amazon from an innovative approach that has consisted of combining the sale of certified natural products with socially and environmentally responsible sourcing of rainforest ingredients from an extensive network of local communities with approximately 1,600 families scattered throughout the state of Pará. It purchase mainly from local cooperatives and associations, and processes the raw materials at six Ananindeua production facilitiyes located in rainforest areas of the state of Para. &#10;&#10;The company seeks the assistance of a SIPA/Columbia/USP workshop team, working in conjunction with the Institute of International Relations and the Center of International Negotiations to assess its relationship with community producers in Pará, in order to identify potential improvements that would enable it to deepen this relationship and better facilitate the broader socio-economic development of the producer communities. &#10;&#10;The specific operational goals of this workshop project are 1) Identify what local community members perceive as their necessities with respect to technical training and contractual and informal relations between the company and local supplier communities; 2) study the stakeholder network surrounding the community-firm partnership, and identify opportunities for this network to strengthen local communities from a social, economic, and environmental point of view; and 3) identify alternative institutional arrangements that could enable these local communities to make more informed and autonomous collective decisions on the use of natural resources.

Palm oil production in Brazil has a long history, but operated on a small scale until recently. However, in 2010 the Lula administration announced a Program for Sustainable Production of Palm Oil, aiming to rapidly expand oil palm cultivation on land that has already been deforested for cattle ranching or sugar cane production. It has been argued that palm oil would provide substantially more employment than cattle ranching, soy farming or other competing uses of the same land. At the same time, by promoting sustainable palm oil production, the Brazilian government hopes that Brazilian palm oil will be more attractive to international buyers such as Unilever on sustainability grounds. &#10;&#10;&#10;&#10;?&#09;Conduct comparative research on environmental and labor standards issues in palm oil production in Asia?which has been controversial-- and try to understand what Brazil and Agropalma potentially add as value to the Brazilian and international market in the form of higher levels of sustainability.&#10;?&#09;Understand Agropalma?s sustainability policies, as well as the various certification and labeling schemes to which it subscribes. &#10;?&#09;Carry out comparative research on palm oil operations by Agropalma?s direct and indirect competitors in Brazil, including those moving into the industry spurred by growth in demand for palm-oil-based biofuels.&#10;&#10;Field Study&#10;&#10;&#10;?&#09;Visit Acará and Tailândia municipalities and interview key stakeholders, including NGOs, oil palm producers with exclusive delivery contracts with Agropalma, labor representatives and public agencies at regional level, to better understand Agropalma?s sustainable business model.&#10;&#10;?&#09;Visit Sao Paulo in order to meet with Agropalma officials at their headquarters, and interview national stakeholders from the environmental and labor movements as well as relevant academic experts. &#10;&#10;Analysis: &#10;?&#09;In preparation for field visits and interviews, develop a checklist of missing points or weaknesses in the certifications a

Combating climate change will increasingly impact on production industries and the workers they employ as consumption is targered and production changes. Yet research has largely ignored the effect of climate change policies on workers and trade union policies. The project research aim to bend the breach between labour and nature in order to suggest the creation a new sub-field area named Environmental Labour Studies.&#10;&#10;In order to tackle the challenge scholars and practitioners around the globe to answer the question: what effect will moving to green production have on workers and unions? How can unions influence process of re-skilling, training and engage workers in the 'green economy'? Can North and South union agendas create a 'level playing field' around the globe? How can unions reconcile the protection of jobs and the protection of environment? These questions are addressed by analysing how unions and environmental movements are learning from each other through a range of different initiatives in US, Australia, South Korea, Taiwan, Brazil, Spain, Sweden, UK and South Africa.

Atina Ltd., a local Brazilian medium-sized company, is a major supplier of alpha-bisabolol (or bisabolol for short), a naturally derived substance highly valued for its anti-irritant and anti-inflammatory properties for use in skincare, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products. The most concentrated (but not exclusive) natural source for bisabolol is candeia (Eremanthus erythropappus), a native tree from Brazil?s ecologically threatened Atlantic Rain Forest (Mata Atlântica). In these forests, Atina prospects for groves dominated by this species (so-called ?candeal?), suitable for a sustainable management plan. Atina has its own farms with candeia groves and candeia plantations in Carrancas/MG, and also manages forests of about 80-100 rural producers in the candeia occurrence region. After the forest extraction, the harvested wood is transported to Atina?s industrial plant, where the essential oil is extracted and purified. The final product is sold to cosmetic industries, such as Natura Cosméticos, S.A., the giant eco-cosmetics direct-sales company headquartered in Brazil, with operations in Latin America and Western Europe.&#10;&#10;Unlike all its local competitors who also supply bisabolol, Atina operates in accordance to the sustainability standards of the Forest Stewardship Council and ILO labor standards, as well as Ecocert organic production rules. Atina?s competitors also sell bisabolol to major branded cosmetic and big pharma multinationals, but operate with illegal raw material, bought from informal loggers who engage in clear-cutting and other unsustainable practices. They also condone or promote questionable labor standards in remote forests, all with little or no external governmental or buyer oversight. Despite the commitment of Atina and its principal buyer Natura to operate only with socially and environmentally sustainable bisabolol, Atina has experienced difficulty in expanding its market beyond its one key buyer and in thus getting a fair return for its

This project is the result of a collaboration between Columbia University?s School of International and Public Affairs and the Universidade de São Paulo?s Instituto de Relações Internacionais and Centro de Estudos das Negociações Internacionais (Caeni) in an attempt to assess the design, effectiveness, and long-term institutional development of the Council for Sustainable Juruti, Conselho Juruti Sustentável&#10;(CONJUS). The Council is part of a threepronged sustainable development model created by Alcoa, a leading aluminum company, in partnership with the Center for Sustainability Studies at Fundação Getulio Vargas, a leading Brazilian business school, and Fundo Brasileiro para Biodiversidade, the Brazilian Biodiversity Fund. The model is one component of Alcoa?s corporate social responsibility strategy at its newly inaugurated bauxite mine site in Juruti, located in Brazil?s northeastern state of Pará.