Edilaine Honorio Da Silva.

Nos últimos anos, tem havido um aumento significativo nos procedimentos de radiologia intervencionista. O cérebro, antes considerado resistente a baixas doses de radiação (< 100 mGy), tem recebido cada vez mais atenção, devido a resultados epidemiológicos indicando uma maior radiossensibilidade. Entretanto, dados dosimétricos sobre procedimentos de neurointervenção ainda são bastante escassos, em particular de pacientes pediátricos. Esse projeto visa determinar a dose de radiação recebida por pacientes pediátricos submetidos a neurointervenção, a partir da avaliação da distribuição das doses recebidas por eles (níveis de referência de diagnóstico/valores típicos). Além disso, a dose absorvida pelo cérebro, suas subestruturas e outros órgãos também potencialmente expostos, como cristalino e tiroide, também serão avaliados através de experimentos, com a impressão 3D de subestruturas cerebrais, e simulações de Monte Carlo. Os resultados esperados desse projeto contribuirão com a compreensão das doses em neurointervenção.

O uso de radiação ionizante em medicina responde por 98% da exposição total à&#10;radiação produzida por fontes artificiais. Entretanto, no Brasil as doses recebidas por&#10;pacientes pediátricos submetidos a exames de tomografia computadorizada são&#10;praticamente desconhecidas. Este projeto busca contribuir para a compreensão das&#10;doses recebidas por esses pacientes, o que será útil para buscar otimização nas práticas&#10;de proteção radiológica no Brasil.

RadoNorm project under EURATOM Horizon 2020 aims at managing risk from radon and NORM exposure situations to assure effective radiation protection based on improved scientific evidence and social considerations.&#10;&#10;RadoNorm is designed to initiate and perform research and technical development in support of European Union Member States, Associated Countries and the European Commission in their efforts to implement the European radiation protection Basic Safety Standards. The proposed multidisciplinary and inclusive research project will target all relevant steps of the radiation risk management cycle for radon and NORM exposure situations.

Pacientes pediátricos são mais sensíveis a radiação em comparação a adultos. Por causa do grande número de tomografias computadorizadas realizadas todos os anos e pelas altas doses de radiação recebidas por pacientes sujeitos a essa modalidade de diagnóstico por imagem, a exposição de crianças a radiação proveniente de exames tomográficos é uma preocupação do ponto de vista de proteção radiológica. Tumores cerebrais e cataratas são efeitos relacionados com a exposição a doses de radiação ionizante da ordem das doses recebidas em exames tomográficos. Além disso, tais doses de radiação também podem estar relacionadas com declínio cognitivo. Diante disso, o presente projeto busca avaliar as doses recebidas por pacientes pediátricos sujeitos a exames tomográficos de crânio, usando simulações computacionais com o Método de Monte Carlo, que permite a distinção entre diferentes regiões cerebrais, bem como do cristalino ocular.

MEDIRAD aims to enhance the scientific bases and clinical practice of radiation protection in the medical field and thereby addresses the need to better understand and evaluate the health effects of low-dose ionising radiation exposure from diagnostic and therapeutic imaging and from off-target effects in radiotherapy.&#10;&#10;This will be achieved by focusing on three major operational objectives:&#10;&#10;Improvement of organ dose estimation and registration in order to a) inform clinical practice, optimise doses and set recommendations and b) provide adequate dosimetry for clinical-epidemiological studies of effects of medical radiation.&#10;Evaluation of the effects of medical exposures, focusing on the two major endpoints and exposure conditions of public health and clinical relevance:&#10;Cardiovascular effects of low to moderate doses of radiation from radiotherapy including understanding of mechanisms&#10;Long term effects of low doses from higher dose radiological procedures on the risk of cancer&#10;Development of science-based policy recommendations for decision-makers and practitioners for the effective protection of patients, workers and the general public.

The overall aim of the project is to provide the metrology for the clinical implementation of absorbed dose calculations in MRT. The project builds on the results and outputs from the preceding EMRP JRP HLT11 MetroMRT project, which took the first steps towards providing data, methods, protocols and guidance for MRT dosimetry in collaboration with many European MRT clinics as well as radiopharmaceutical companies and camera manufacturers. The focus of this follow-on project is ?clinical implementation? and it is strongly directed by the involvement of leading MRT clinics across Europe as well as building on metrology expertise.

During procedures, interventional cardiologists and radiologists can receive high occupational doses from complex scattered X-ray radiation fields. Recently, reports have raised the concern that a link exist between chronic exposure to these fields and effects in unshielded tissues such as the eyes and brain. In addition, a lower occupational dose limit to the lens of the eyes has been recommended in response to studies showing that cataracts can occur at threshold doses lower than previously assumed. Medical doctors can exceed this dose, due to their high workload, the complexity of the procedures performed and proximity to the radiation. Therefore, routine assessment of the eye lens dose and optimized protection, such as the use of lead glasses and lead caps, are now to be considered. The aim of this project was to develop an eye lens dosemeter suitable to be used together with lead glasses in the complex radiation field to which medical doctors are exposed. This was done by numerical and experimental methods. Firstly, a rod-shaped radiophotoluminescent dosemeter, was characterized and re-designed to improve its angular response which makes it suitable for eye lens dosimetry, independently of the angle of the scatter radiation. Secondly, the influence of where the dosemeter is placed on lead protective glasses on determining the dose received by the eye lens was evaluated. This study showed that the optimal position for the dosemeter is over the lead glasses, close to its bridge over the nose. In a parallel study, the efficiency of several protective devices in reducing the dose received in the white matter and hippocampus of the brain was investigated. Our study demonstrated that suspended ceiling screens are the most effective and decrease the dose to the brain tissue by around 70%. Depending on their type, lead caps provide a protection from only 6% up to about 70%.